نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
عنوان مقاله English
نویسندگان English
The question of how religious beliefs emerge has long been a central concern in philosophical, social, and scientific discourse. Contemporary naturalistic approaches, emphasizing the primacy of the natural world and its laws, seek to explain the formation of these beliefs using insights from various sciences. This article examines one such framework: "the cognitive explanation [of religion]". Cognitive explanations are grounded in mental mechanisms and information-processing systems, positing that innate human tendencies—such as: 1) Hyperactive Agency Detection (HAD); 2) Processing of counterintuitive concepts; and 3) Theory of Mind (ToM)— predispose individuals to adopt religious beliefs. However, this approach faces critiques, including: "reductionism (oversimplifying complex phenomena)", "Ambiguity in specifying cognitive mechanisms' exact roles", "neglect of emotional influences", and "failure to account for cultural diversity". In this article, using a descriptive-analytical method and drawing upon the scholarly opinions of experts in the cognitive science of religion, the limitations of this approach are examined, critiqued, and explained. First, the theoretical foundations and basic principles of cognitive explanation are elaborated. Then, the functioning of cognitive mechanisms in the formation of religious beliefs is clarified. Following this, the criticisms raised against this approach are discussed and analyzed. Finally, by summarizing the presented arguments, it is concluded that "cognitive explanation," despite its limitations, still plays a significant role in understanding how religious beliefs are formed and transmitted, and alongside other approaches, it can contribute to a comprehensive understanding of this complex phenomenon.
کلیدواژهها English
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