In studies of the social history of Iran during the Ilkhanid era, the relationship between Sufism and political power has largely been formulated within the two poles of mystical seclusion or organizational collusion. This binary approach has hindered the understanding of the mediating and critical role played by the masters of Sufi orders (mashāyikh-i ṭarīqat) in tempering the violent structure of Mongol rule. Drawing on the concept of parrhesia—or courageous truth-telling—in the thought of Michel Foucault, the present study aims to offer a novel reading of the socio-political agency of Sufis. The central question of this article is how the political conduct of Sheikh Safi al-Din Ardabili and his contemporaries can be analyzed within the theoretical framework of the parrhesiastes. The research method is historical-discourse analysis, relying on primary sources from the Ilkhanid period, such as the Safwat al-Safa, and juxtaposing them with the foundations of Foucault's political philosophy. The findings of the study demonstrate that Sheikh Safi employed tools such as "aversion from the court," "critical counsel," and "political mediation" to act as a parrhesiastic subject.