Justice is a central concept in Islamic and Shi‘ite thought, playing a foundational role in organizing social and political systems both ontologically and legislatively. This study aims to comparatively re-examine the status of justice in Shi‘ite political jurisprudence, Islamic philosophy, and the Western philosophical tradition. The research problem is how justice contributes to legitimizing authority and ensuring human dignity in Shi‘ite political jurisprudence, and how it compares in terms of similarities and differences with the Western philosophical tradition. The main research questions are: What are the epistemic and practical functions of justice in Shi‘ite political jurisprudence? What are the similarities and differences in the concept of justice between Mulla Sadra’s transcendent philosophy and Western philosophy?

The research method of this paper is analytical-comparative. The findings indicate that in Shi‘ite political jurisprudence, justice functions as a strategic indicator for legitimizing power and as a tool for preventing oppression and tyranny. A comparative analysis of these three traditions allows for a multidimensional understanding of justice within religious, philosophical, and legal contexts and opens new horizons for interdisciplinary studies in this field.